Industrial structure optimization in central China under the energy constraint     

Wei Sun  Wenhui Li  Zhipeng Tang  Jie Fan 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(9):1377-1388

Optimizing industrial structure is an important research object of human-economic geography, and it is also the object of government departments to strengthen macro-control. This has become even greater problem that China has entered the “new normal” in recent years. The study uses a multi-regional input-output model, with linear programming to build an optimal model of industrial structure as well as a model of optimization degree under the energy constraint. The results of the study revealed that: (1) the degree of optimization of industrial structure in Anhui Province is optimal (0.763), while that of Shanxi Province is the lowest (0.662); (2) the degree of optimization of industrial structure is negatively related to energy consumption per unit output value and the proportion of heavy industry; and (3) overall, central China should maintain or moderately increase the proportions of resource-based industry, greatly increase the proportions of manufacturing, including transport and telecommunications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment, and moderately reduce the proportions of smelting and pressing of metals and non-metal mineral products. In terms of service industries, the region should greatly increase the proportions of the production and supply of natural gas and tap water, moderately reduce or maintain the proportions of transport and storage as well as tourism, and maintain or moderately reduce the proportions of wholesale trade, retail trade and catering services.  相似文献   

基于BP模型和Ward法的北京市平谷区乡村地域功能评价与分区   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10  

唐林楠  刘玉  潘瑜春  任艳敏 《地理科学》2016,36(10):1514-1521

构建乡村地域功能评价指标体系,借助BP神经网络模型揭示平谷区“生产-生活-生态”功能分异特征;运用Ward法划分功能区,服务于平谷区乡村转型发展和功能区布局。结果表明：① 在多项功能综合作用下,平谷区基本形成了“平原地区生产功能较强、镇中心及周边村域生活功能明显、山地区以生态功能为主”的功能分布格局。② 基于评价结果和空间属性,平谷区划分为西部平原生产区、东部山地生态生产区、中部平原城市生活区、中部近郊平原生活区、东部丘陵生态生活区和北部山地生态区。其中,西部平原生产区、中部平原城市生活区、北部山地生态区是平谷三生空间功能发展的优势区域,分布相对集中。按照“强功能重优化、中等功能重提升、弱功能重改善”的原则提升乡村地域功能,促进地区均衡发展。  相似文献   

金融危机前后基于垂直专业化的中国出口价值份额分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

唐志鹏  宋涛 《地理科学》2016,36(8):1148-1154

2008年全球金融危机使中国出口增速放缓,也给中国提升出口贸易的质量效益带来了机会。利用2007年和2010年中国30省区市区域间投入产出表计算了中国和省域以及国外在中国出口中分享的单位出口价值份额。研究结果发现,金融危机后在中国单位出口中,全国分享的经济收益整体有所提升,进一步从省域格局来看,分享中国单位出口经济收益较高的省域主要分布在东部沿海地区,而从出口部门来看,全国带有技术含量的制造业分享的经济收益在2007~2010年增长最多,而依赖资源和劳动力投入的低端产品制造分享的经济收益下降最多,沿海出口大省仍然是分享制造业出口价值份额最主要的地区,地理区位依旧是出口贸易最有利的条件之一。尽快淘汰落后产能,推动产业升级转型,加大科技含量,才能促使“中国制造”尽快完成向“中国智造”转变。  相似文献   

Liquid water path retrieval using the lowest frequency channels of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fengyun-3C</Emphasis> Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI)     

Fei Tang  Xiaolei Zou 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(6):1109-1122

The Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) on board Chinese Fengyun-3 (FY-3) satellites provides measurements at 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89.0 GHz with both horizontal and vertical polarization channels. Brightness temperature measurements of those channels with their central frequencies higher than 19 GHz from satellite-based microwave imager radiometers had traditionally been used to retrieve cloud liquid water path (LWP) over ocean. The results show that the lowest frequency channels are the most appropriate for retrieving LWP when its values are large. Therefore, a modified LWP retrieval algorithm is developed for retrieving LWP of different magnitudes involving not only the high frequency channels but also the lowest frequency channels of FY-3 MWRI. The theoretical estimates of the LWP retrieval errors are between 0.11 and 0.06 mm for 10.65- and 18.7-GHz channels and between 0.02 and 0.04 mm for 36.5- and 89.0-GHz channels. It is also shown that the brightness temperature observations at 10.65 GHz can be utilized to better retrieve the LWP greater than 3 mm in the eyewall region of Super Typhoon Neoguri (2014). The spiral structure of clouds within and around Typhoon Neoguri can be well captured by combining the LWP retrievals from different frequency channels.  相似文献   

Climatology of the meteorological factors associated with haze events over northern China and their potential response to the Quasi-Biannual Oscillation     

Ju Liang  Yaoguo Tang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(5):852-864

An upswing in haze weather during autumn and winter has been observed over North and Northeast China in recent years, imposing adverse impacts upon local socioeconomic development and human health. However, such an increase in the occurrence of haze events and its association with natural climate variability and climate change are not well understood. To investigate the climatology of the meteorological factors associated with haze events and their natural variability, this study uses a meteorological pollution index called PLAM (Parameter Linking Air-quality to Meteorological conditions) and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. The results suggest that high PLAM values tend to occur over southern parts of northern China, implying the weather conditions over this area are favorable for the occurrence of haze weather. For the period 1979–2014, the regional mean PLAM shows an overall increase across Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, and parts of Shanxi Province. Also, a periodicity of 28–34 months is found in the temporal variation of PLAM, which implies a potential association of PLAM with the stratospheric Quasi-Biannual Oscillation (QBO). By using the QBO index during the autumn and winter seasons in the preceding year, an increase in PLAM is found for the westerly phases of the QBO, relative to the easterly phases. An upper-tropospheric warming is also found in the westerly phases, which can induce a stable stratification that favors the increase in PLAM across the midlatitudes. The modulations of large-scale environmental factors, including moist static stability, vertical velocity, and temperature advection, also act to enhance PLAM in the westerly phases. However, the baroclinic term of moist potential vorticity at 700 hPa tends to decrease over the south, and an increase in low-level ascent is found over the north. These factors can reduce PLAM and possibly limit the statistical significance of the increased PLAM in the westerly phases of the QBO.  相似文献   

离散点气象要素平流外推模型     

汤沛  何险峰  胡骏楠  黄琰 《气象科技》2017,45(6):1043-1048

大气平流方程一般用于格点场数值预报的处理,鲜有应用到离散点要素外推。离散点平流外推模型不仅使时间方向站点资料补缺更具物理意义,而且为站点要素的预报奠定基础。模型首先根据站点离散特征,对平流方程进行改造,得到离散点风速、梯度本征向量,并通过频数统计拟合出平流项似然概率的高斯表达式,以此计算出新平流方程数值解。通过对单点和多点的实况试验,得出了模型的具体应用特点,并给出了一个实际的数据补缺场景,作用显著。该模型具有小巧、高效,易用等特点,有良好的普适性,作为一个通用的数学模型,为离散点的要素预报提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

地基可见光全天空云图云量图像处理识别方法     

陈青青  李彪  汤志亚  杨玲  王耀萱 《气象科技》2017,45(6):1006-1010

为增强地基可见光全天空云图中云与天空的特征和区别,提高云检测率,基于图像复原和图像增强技术提出一种改善云图质量的方法。该方法采用暗通道去雾算法进行图像复原;采用亮度直方图均衡增强图像纹理细节;综合两种方法,先图像复原,再图像增强。按低能见度薄云、低能见度厚云、高能见度薄云、高能见度厚云4种情况分别进行讨论,结果表明:除高能见度薄云采用单一的图像复原使云检测效果降低外,图像复原和图像增强都能使云检测和云量识别准确率提高;综合二者,云检测和云量识别准确率进一步提高;该方法对薄云和低能见度云图的改善最为显著。  相似文献   

微型化大气电场检测仪的设计     

周继威  唐慧强  白雪美  李祺 《气象科技》2017,45(5):825-828

针对目前电场检测仪体积大,成本高,操作复杂等问题,研制了一套微型化大气电场检测仪系统。该系统以电容作为传感器感知单元,两相四线步进电机作为传感器感知单元转动的载体,使用含内置A/D转换的STC12LE2052AD单片机进行数据采集,简化了电路的设计。无线蓝牙模块与数据采集系统相结合实现了实时显示的功能,最后将接收到的数据通过上位机显示出来。硬件部分设计了信号的放大滤波电路、A/D转换电路及数据采集与处理电路。利用MATLAB仿真,C语言编程,调试结果表明各项功能符合设计要求,并获得了误差小于4%的高精度测量结果。  相似文献   

基于串口通信的PTB220气压传感器误差自动调整系统设计     

孟宪罗  汤达章  蒋涛 《气象科技》2017,45(5):811-817

为进一步提升自动气象站计量检定工作的自动化水平,简化气压传感器示值超差调整工作,通过对PTB220气压传感器工作原理的分析与研究,利用省级气象计量检定业务系统(3MS)的部分硬件,采用串口通信自动应答技术,在原有3MS系统自动化检定的基础上实现了PTB220气压传感器数字量及模拟量示值超差的自动调整。文中详细阐述了数字量及模拟量调整的原理及操作流程,给出了串口通信参数配置及自动调整软件部分代码示例,并通过实际业务验证了系统设计思路的可行性。  相似文献   

珊瑚礁岩的磁性初步研究     

汤贤赞  袁友仁  王保贵  侯红明  赵焕庭  朱袁智 《热带海洋学报》1995,(4)

南沙群岛南永１井珊瑚礁岩的磁性测量结果表明，珊瑚礁岩的磁化率（Ｘ）为负值，属抗磁性物质，但它有较稳定的剩余磁化强度（Ｍｒ），而且它的ＮＲＭ（天然剩余磁化强度）近似对数正态分布，其值大部分分布在（０．８－１．６）×１０（－４）Ａ·ｍ（－１）区间内。进一步研究发现珊瑚在生长过程中，富铁细菌及水介质等可以在珊瑚礁孔隙中留下铁磁性物质；另一方面，珊瑚在生长时也可能吸收铁离子，变成珊瑚礁骨骼的一部分。因此，珊瑚礁岩具有铁磁性，在古地磁场作用下，产生弱剩磁。  相似文献